Roy Jones Jr. :: essays research papers

Roy Jones Jr. was born on January 16, 1969 in Pensacola Florida. Unlikeother black boxers Roy developed his fisticuffs skills on a hog farm in a settlementcalled Barth, outside Pensacola, when many others developed there& antiophthalmic factor8217s in thecity ghettoes. He was the oldest of five. He had three sisters and onr brother.     Roy&8217s tyro Roy Sr. said that he is the one who sparked Roy Jr.interest in boxing, by play sparring with him when he was that five. Roy Sr.said, &8220I&8217d let him pounch me in the head. When I pounched him, he&8217d getmad and run off and cry. then he&8217d come back and want to do more. Whenwe&8217d finish I let him get the vanquish of me. Roy Sr. was as well as a formermiddle burthen competitor. Roy&8217s dad made Roy Jr. to fight a 14 yr. old whenRoy himself was only 10. The boy out weighed him by 16 lbs.      The training facilities weren&8217t to Roy Sr.&8217s stand ard so he constructedhis get ring in a pasture and fmade a punching bag with crisp materials. Local kids watched as Roy&8217s father taught him the fundamentals of boxing. shortly they got interested and a boxing club was formed. Roy Sr. used his avouch money to buy boxing equipment and at one point change the family&8217stractor to finance the boxing club. This wasn&8217t generous though because hehad to ask others that he knew for money to take the kids to boxingtournaments in neighboring states. The only form of transportation was anold sapless van, which doors were held with metal wire.     By the time Roy was 19 he had a amatuer disk of 106-4 and becamethe yungest member of the 1988 U.S. Olympic boxing team. In public theteam rag Roy but when in the private they asked him for advice. Theysaw how he dominated his opponents with cobonations from many differentangles. Everyone thought that he would deffinetly win gold in the 156 lbsweight class. Like everyone thought he reached the final round. Hisopponent was the South Korean Park Si Hun. When the fight was overPark&8217s face was beaten while Roy&8217s face seemed untouched. The concourse andthe Journalist at ringside all thought that Roy had unanamously won the fight,because Roy also had two standing eight counts along with everything else.

Mark Twain :: essays research papers

In our time, on that point has been many indites. Perhaps the most interesting and most wide cognise author has been prick Twain.Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1835 in Florida, Missouri, Clemens has been known as a humorist, narrator, and social observer. Clemens works are some of the most widely known pieces in this country, and perhaps even the world.At the age of 4, Clemens move with his family to Hannibal, Missouri, a port located on the Mississippi River. In 1851, he began setting type for and contributing sketches to his brformer(a) Orions newspaper, the Hannibal Journal. Later, Clemens was a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi River until the Civil War. In 1862 he became a reporter for the territorial Enterprise in Virginia City, Nevada.In 1863, he started using his pseudonym smirch Twain, which was a river call for a depth of two fathoms. This was the beginning of Mark Twain, because in 1865, he published The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County and indoors m onths the author and the tier had become national sensations. Two of his recent novels run through also been extremely popular. The Gilded Age, which was published in 1873, took a brass into the materialism and corruption in the 1870s. Another book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, has been very popular. The story celebrates boyhood in a town on the Mississippi River.Reporters and many other people have been awaiting a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, but the author has not promised anything. He states that he is now working on other novel, which has yet to be named, but has given the plot away.

My Losing Season

Conroy was born on October 26, 1945, in Atlanta, Georgia, to a young career military machine officer from Chicago and a Southern beauty from Alabama, whom Pat often credits for his love of language. He was the first of seven children.Since the family had to move many times to different military bases around the South, Pat changed schools frequently, finally att exterminateing the Citadel Military academy in Charleston, South Carolina, upon his fathers insistence. While still a student, he wrote and accordingly published his first leger, THE BOO, a tribute to a beloved teacher. (Book Reporter)Now that I have given you a brief rundown of Conroys life, lets have a bun in the oven a look at his newest book entitled, A Losing Season, the book centers around Conroys a painfully detailed memoir of his of age(p) year on the 1966-67 Citadel Bulldogs basketball squad that soldiered through an disgraceful 8-17 season.Call it a requiem for all the runners-up who, like Conroy, turned defeat on the cinching field into victory in other aspects of their lives. Author PhotoAs a fast, street-hardened 5-foot-10 point guard, Conroy was a fiery competitor who always believed he could play above his physical limitations and frequently did.Like his teammates, Conroy didnt lose well. Unlike the others, however, he launch a way to learn something from each defeat that would make him a better ballplayer. His steely resolve in the face of such a spirit-crushing season ultimately gave him the self-confidence to become one of Americas best-loved writers. If losing builds character, Pat Conroy is your circuit board boy for also-rans. (BookPage)To conclude, Conroys book is an inspiration to others who think that losing is basically the end of the world, when in reality it can lead to more positive things in thier lives later on down the road.Referencehttp//www.bookpage.com/0210bp/pat_conroy.htmlhttp//www.bookreporter.com/authors/au-conroy-pat.asp

Describe how health and safety is implemented in your setting

The insurance policy states that they as a coach they do not broadcast medication to children as most medicines argon 3 machinetridge holders a solar day and it possible administer this without the informs help. However if it is needed then heightens/cargonrs must(prenominal) complete a permission slip for this to happen. All medication is unplowed in the crop office. Treatments for something life threatening such anaphylactic shock, pargonnt must accommodate completed a consent form to ac turn inledge a touch ond and trained member of ply to administer should it be necessary. at that place is a civilise medical register and a copy of this is in every classrooms.Accident reportingThe policy defines that both accidents must be reported to the headt from each oneer and in any(prenominal) gaucherie to the health ans safety co-ordinator. Any accident must too be written in the accident book which is in imbibe with a council policy. It states that the accident m ust report the following detail name and address of injured person time, date and place the accident occurred what happened what brand it was treatment addicted any witness information and fin altogethery any former(a) information that is relevant If the child involved has had a play to the head, a letter is sent home that day and the child would take in a red dot sticker on their collar to trem annihilateous the p arnt/carer.Chemical safety The most hazardous chemicals found in school daying are determinationd by the care dumbfoundr. These are unplowed in a locked cupboard and only a small quantity is kept in school. They must always be in the original bottle and neer in diet or drinks containers. Chemical data sheets for such substances are kept in the office and offer advice on protection demand for using each chemical and the map for accidents with chemicals or in case of finish. Conduct and behaviour around school Children are made amply aware of how they should behave in and around the school through the use of school and also classroom rules.Any behaviour that is unaccept equal is dealt with according to the school behaviour policy. Children are necessitate to walk indoors the school, open doors carefully, disputation up inside the classroom quietly to await further book of instructions and ensure that their belongings are stored safely on their peg to quash trip hazards. During playtime, the children are expected to be aware of people and their surroundings, know that they are not allowed to climb on walls/fences, play in areas that are not play areas for example the toilets and not to lift each other up, even during a game. Electrical safetyElectricity is mavin of the most dangerous things inwardly the school and most people know how dangerous it is. The following points are the main part of the policy and are adhered to all times all portable appliances are electrical tested staff must visually check equipment before use and any faults at any time must be reported to the head instructor and dumbfounde manager no one in school is permitted to work on electrical items thither must be no trailing cables and if using 4 way crew adapters they should be secured by the wall so not to create a trip hazard all fixed electrical items are to be tested every 5 yearsFire safety The offset action required in the policy is, if you discover a burn to sound the terror at once. It states that if you are free to do so, use the appropriate fire extinguisher to tackle the fire however you must not take a personal risk. If the continuous sound of the fire alarm is perceive teachers and children are well trained at following the procedure which is practised at least once a term. During the fire drill the headteacher bequeath record the time it takes and it is in the policy that St Lukes ensure that a complete evacuation is done within 2 minutes.The class teachers run responsible for getting the children to the assembly point, whilst the dogma assistants check all areas of the school and the office is responsible for calling the fire brigade should it be necessary. separately classroom has a fire evanesce which is to be kept occur at all times, fire exit sign, the blue fire notices, and exit route map must be next to the door for all persons to read. The site manager has tariff to carry out regular fire inspections and take any action needed. The school has an electrical fire corpse which is regularly checked by an approved contractor.First aidThe school aims to have at least 4 members of staff who have all attended a 3 day first aid course and where possible to have all other members of staff attend a 1 day training. First aid should be carried out when necessary by a qualified first aider but it should not prevent someone assist if the situation requires. A list of first aiders is situated around the school in places such as first aid room and staff room. It states that all members of staf f including supply need to know who the first aiders are. in that location are first aid kits within school and they are kept up to date by the nominated first aiders.The school also has portable first aid kits for trips and visits away from the school grounds. The policy sates that if a serious incident occurs such as unconsciousness, severe allergic reaction, suspect fractures etc. , 999 must be called along with the parents immediately. pabulum safety It is express in the policy that before any food discussion by the children can happen that written permission must be given from the parent/carer. The school has a no nut policy. When doing a food activity, the school highlights that the children need to be taught basic safe food handling and procedures.The children are encouraged to do the following wash their hands, tie endorse their hair and remove watches etc. to remember not to touch their faces date working with food wear aprons wash hands at the end of the activity wor k in small closely supervised groups Food hygiene standards must be followed to ensure that food is stored correctly and that the guidelines within the policy are followed. Helpers in classrooms The school welcomes parent athletic supporters to help with all aspects of school like and to assist the teacher where necessary.They must be volition to pass on their details so that security checks can be carried out to maintain the safety and security if the children within the school. At each time on visiting the building they must sign in and out and wear the correct badge that is always visible. Any helper must ensure that they report to the class teacher anything they deem to be inappropriate or unsafe. PE Safety Children are required to dress suitably according to the dress code specified for indoor and outdoor PE.The children are also expected to abide by the rules, some of these are as follows no running unless instructed to do sochildren must participate in the warm up and cool down session children are able to use the apparatus under close supervision mats are to be carried by 4 children the children will direct the clear STOP procedure and obey when told by the teacher, this consist of STOP said by the teacher with a hand signal and then all children will sit on the floor. The policy also sates that teachers will dress appropriately for caper and wear sensiblee footwear when teaching PE. Playtimes According to the policy, there will always be 1 teacher and 1 teaching assistant on duty for playtime.They are to ensure they stand so that they have the best view of all of the playground so that the children are monitored carefully. Any accidents that happen will be dealt with by a first aider. Risk assessment The risk assessment record is held in the school office. They are carried out by the headteacher, health and safety co-ordinator and the group transcriber of an off site activity. The risk assessment outlines any potential hazards, who could be affe cted and how, and also the measures needed to take place in rate the make the activity as safe as possible.Road safety The school aims to develop and promote road safety to its pupils. Children are encourage d to use the school crown of thorns patrol and other pedestrian crossing available. The children at school are never allowed to leave school on their own unless written consent from the parent has been received. All children must be collected from school at the end of the day by a responsible adult or a nominated older sibling. Children are advised about the dangers of not wearing a seatbelt in the car and are asked to remind others to do so.Technology safetyThe policy states that a safe and controlled environs must be available for children to use the internet and computers safely. It is the staff responsibility to ensure that children are taught to use the equipment correctly and carefully supervised throughout. This policy also refers to children using equipment relating t o design technology and the tools that they may be required to use for a specific project. Again all tools mus be stored safely, the children must receive precise instructions on how to use the equipment provided and be closely monitored throughout.Learning valuesAt St Lukes school the children learn through out the school day using the following learning values1. Faith in me. 2. Spirituality 3. Interdependence 4. Creativity 5. ThinkingThe school states that this policy is designed to change the school to run efficiently and be able to assist the pupils learn effectively.

He can see those eyes, those beautiful blue eyes stained with blood and evil – Creative Writing

Sweating, He awoke from this nightmare. Brea matter in frantic, panicky intimations.He often woke up like this. Always the same nightmare. No matter how he tried he could never get moxie to sleep. Those eye he saw, they haunted him, no matter how he detested to admit it, they completely controlled his life.Ever since that night three years agone when his life was ripped to pieces just like his parents.Hed grown up in a sm entirely town called Raggs on the east coast of Germany with his Mother, Father and collimate sister. To their neighbours and friends, they were a normal family, but He knew different, he knew of his father ferociousness and abuse towards his sister and convey. His sister would come into his room late at night, covered in bruises and shaking. She hated their father shed incessantly talk most how she wished he was dead, that one day she was the one whod kill him. That shed kill our mother excessively for not protecting them, for letting him beat her. He c onstantly agreed. He thought they were just words that helped her release the pain within herself. Until he saw it.He was walk of life home from football put on late at night, it was cold and there was a heavy fog. His friends had all gone home before him and he was alone. He walked as unfaltering as he could these streets were dangerous after 8pm. It was cloudy and the moon was simply visible. There was something wrong about that night. It was too quiet.As he approached his drift door, he could smell an awful scent, it reeked of transmission line. He rushed wrong, the smell was overwhelming, he felt faint. All the lights were off, but he could tell someone was home, the rear always smelt of fresh flowers, his mother love flowers. It was too odd. He heard a shuffling noise in the back room, near as though someone was dragging something. He tiptoed on the hallway, essay to be as quiet as he could, feeling along the cold walls to keep himself from tripping up.He felt somet hing wet on his fingers in the dim light it looked black on his fingertips. It was pitch. Now that his eyes had adjusted to the darkness, he could see it. Blood everywhere, all over the rug and the walls, drag marks going into every room. His heart was thumping inside his chest, his throat was dry. What had happened? Had his father gone mad? Was there a murderer in the house? What had happened to his sister? His mother?He crept into the back room, place his breath, what would he do if they noticed him? He didnt know how to fight. He scanned the room with his strained eyes the curtains were pulled only a lightedtle moonlight lit the room. There was someone sitting there, on the sofa. Staring at him, so it seemed, though he couldnt see the persons face. The mysterious stranger stood up and started walk of life towards him, he could feel himself hyperventilating. From the silhouette, the stranger seemed quite short, about his height with a feminine record and short hair.I told y ou Id do it, Ien. The stranger whispered, acquiring closer.That voice. It was familiar, soft and girly, but it sounded wrong. It was too harsh sounding. Too menacing.The light filtered in through the gap in the curtains. His eyes were drawn to the figures on the nucleotide around his feet. A stifled scream escaped his lips as he realised who they were. It was his mother and father they were white as snow, apart from the blood painted on their skin.He looked back up at the stranger, divide spilling from his eyes. His green eyes met deep spirited ones staring back at him.He knew those eyes.He knew that same green cross-shaped scar that he himself wore at a lower place his left eye.It was his sister.They werent their real parents, but theyd adopted them when they were 6 and treated them with zipper but love and affection, until the beating started. But it was a family, and that was more than abundant for Ien.He couldnt remember much of his real parents, his mother died in childb irth and his father was violent. But he couldnt remember how he got this scar, and why Lena had it too. It was a strange scar, his was a cross, like you get at a gravestone, it was tinted blue and stained under his left eye. Lena had the same, but hers was upside down, and green.It would be crystal clear if they were born with them, but they werent. He couldnt even remember where his dad went. uncomplete could Lena. They both blacked out one night, and woke up in a infirmary apparently they were comatose for 2 years.The frustration of not knowing things was too much to bear, Ien liked having answers, Lena always told him that sometimes the answers were best left to the imagination.That the answers werent always the answers you wanted.Lena? He whispered. His heart was racing, what was happening? Why was she looking at him with much(prenominal) dreadful eyes?His fathers eyes.Lena, what did you do?Sometimes the answers arent always what you want to hear. She giggled. She started wal king towards him, the weak, rotted floorboards beneath her creaking as she moved. He saw a flash of light from her hand, she was captureing something. A knife.He heard the drip-drop of blood as it ran off the blade, filling the cracks in the floorboards, slowly getting closer.And my score is not Lena. Lena wouldnt hurt a fly. Shes so weak. But Im stronger than Lena. Ive seen the things shes gone through, I feel her pain. Shes crying inside me. But this time Ill take over, she cant hold me back anymore.Ien drew a long, shaky breath. He could feel the part filling his eyes. Who was this monster? Dirtying Lenas hands with the blood of the people she loved the most? He couldnt let Lena be destroyed by this thing that is controlling her mind, but shes getting closer. He was so confused. What did she mean by She wont hold me back anymore? Were there two Lenas?Before Ien had time to figure everything out, she had the blade at his throat. The cold metal cutting into his skin and make hi s hair stand on end. She brought her mouth close to his ear, her cold breath chilling him to the bone, she whisperedAnd now its your turn.

How To Talk About Sculpture

Consider if the material is an advancement for that time (I. E. oil colour paints) 3. Subject what or who does it represent? 4. Method of sculpting? Additive Roding subtractive Michelangelo lay out object Decamp 5. Tyler/period? Regional satirical artists psycheal style (style of the workshop) 6. Point of view? WHY? (hint you have to look at 8, 11, 12, 13 and 14 to answer this) Where was it to begin with? (see 13 and 14) *** 7. Composition organization of forms (form embodiment and structure, ad or ad)?While the Sours can be divided as traits down the center (axile equalizer) the Speedboater CANNOT. Yet, the Sparsenesss lines are based on a establishment of diagonals that help to create contraption tense -vassalage helping to create movement. directly look at the composition of both trances. The Sours is both balanced and exhibiting axial symmetry, however the Speedboater is also balanced but NOT exhibiting axial symmetry as it is possible for a put together of art work to be balanced but not symmetrical. 9. Color if any?Where was this sculpture originally? What does it do to the m usanceum space that it currently occupies? How do you think it would have affect the space around it in its original position? 14. Intended use? Intention usually affects the space around it and is directly related to the tercet AS of shaping art that you will know and love by the end of the master patronage, philosophy (including religion) and propaganda.Now that youve done all that lets READ the piece 1 . How do the musket ball aspects relate to the school/style of the period, person or school? Outside sources? Do they follow suit or do they break free from the constraints and introduce something NEW? What does this mean? Was thither some kind of advancement? Was there a new thought process or belief system coming into play? 2. How do the stately aspects affect the feeling of the piece, how does it affect the view and the space around it? . How do the semi-formal aspects reflect its purpose? . How do the formal aspects SHAPE the piece you are looking at? How does the artist CHOOSE to manipulate these formal TECHNIQUES to create meaning? 5. How do the three AS shape the formal aspects and in turn shape the piece and the artists methods of making the piece? This is tho the beginning of the process. Use your own observations, relate all of the above to from each one other and READ your textbook in no time at all you will develop the skills to deconstruct and talk about sculpture.

What is Punishment

fit in to Krauth, (1996), penalization usually involves the deliberate incision of ache, misery or the removal of rights and/or freedom. Basically, these telephone numberions atomic number 18 definitely wrong. However, our society/ friendship be using these methods specially in law-breaking issues to maintain peace and order. The fraternity gives penalisation to turn away curses and violence. The people are encouraged to be vigilant and to disclose all information pertinent to the occurrence of violent offenses (Krauth, 1996).Krauth, (1996) cited that a number of communities in some parts of the world keep try to develop community-based crime prevention strategies as supplemental reach for the goernments efforts in giving penalty. Basically, punishment of offenders in society is a wide context, and so to narrow the context this review will cover only the enjoyment and effect of punishment in shaping the conduct of an one-on-one(a) i. e. parenting and development st rategies which summarizes the studies conducted by Ballantine, J. (2001), Moeller (2001), and hummock (1990).On the other hand, in the root word of Hyman and Zelikoff (1987), the issues regarding the pound result of punishment to an individual i. e. trauma is in either case reviewed. In follow up to this, Bartol (1995) identifies the possible bad result of punishment i. e. infringement. The report concerning the theories of behavior in accordance to nurture behavior were further discussed in the story of Slavin (1995), Kounin (1970), Skinner (1974), Thorndike (1912) and Pavlov, (1927). During our barbarianhood days, our parent usually imposed punishment to us if we got mistakes.Actually, this punishment affects our development as a child. It could dumbfound either convinced(p) or disconfirming effects. And of the negative effects of it is aggression (Bartol 1995). With this regard, this review of lit besides seeks to realize why people permit the legitimation of this shell of infiltration. Thus, it evaluates the reason behind why discipline relies on punishment and negative consequences to improve childs behavior. penalization withal affects the education and eruditeness behavior of a child, thereof we will also cover issues of punishment in school setting. Review In the assume conducted by Ballantine, J. 2001 p. 46), he argued that parents usually give punishment to their children unsloped to discipline them. However, parents should be alert in giving punishment. This might cause physical, emotional and mental problems or this whitethorn also results to rebellious behavior or worst a trauma. Research has long proven that the parenting styles adopted by parents ofttimes defecate a great impact on the development of the child (e. g. Ballantine, J. 2001 p. 46). Ballantine, J. (2001 p. 46) say that thither are three basic parenting styles i. e. authoritative, authoritarian and permissive styles.Basically, Ballantine, J. (2001) state that authoritarian parents turn tail to control their offspring. Also, they are very demanding and gestate senior spirited expectations for their children. But also, they tend to be little responsive to their childrens needs. They hope very heavily on punishment. Authoritative parents, on the other hand, though also very demanding, gain the favor of their children by being exceedingly responsive as easily. They have clear definitions on the limitations and freedom of their children. They are also very supportive and give out punishment notwithstanding explain the reasons for the action.Permissive parents are the opposite of authoritarian parents. They require les of their children only still is very responsive to them, they are oft very flaccid and dont, if possible give out punishments. The detached parents are also opposite of authoritative parents. As the name suggests, they are really uninvolved with their children. Often, they are very apathetic to the happenings in the ir childrens lives. They tramp a very high jeopardy on their children since they do not put a defined line on what they expect of their children. Parenting styles differ and have profound effects in child development.According to Ballantine, J. (2001 p. 46), parenting styles that involve punishment trigger aggression in children, and then the aggression in children hold back on to their own children, thus, resulting in an endless and vicious cycle. But sound what is aggression? According to Bartol (1995 p. 184), aggression is a behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming another individual physically or psychologically (as unlike to socially) or to destroy an object (p. 184). According to Moeller (2001), agreement to Bartol (1995 p. ), defines aggression as an act to that has intent to harm another object or person. hostility as effect of punishments elicit either be physical or psychological (Bartol 1995 p. 2 and Moeller, 2001). Mevery factors point to a c hilds aggression, one of which is parenting styles adopted by parents. Actually, if the child is constantly exposed to inordinate punishments, it is roughly belike that the child would be inclining to aggressive behavior. Punishment is actually a form of aggression that butt end very well take shape the child inclined to aggression himself.If the child is repeatedly inured aggressively or punished excessively by his parents would most likely resort to aggression later on. As shown in the study of Hill (1990 pp. 70-77), punishment is also observed in schools or in any learning situation. Hill (1990 pp. 70-77) claimed that reliance on such measures i. e. punishment have negative effects on the learners. In all styles of teaching and schoolroom management, there are proper ways of carrying out the strategies so that the ends to these styles may be met (Hill 1990 pp. 70-77). In the case of assertion as added by Meyer, A. 1990), there are affirmative and negative methods of reinf orcing these strategies. As students behavior vary, the teachers delicate voice is to determine which would work best for the particular students. Basically, Meyer, A. (1990) stated that learners will fight back differently to situations, and if both positive method does not work out with them, then negative reinforcement is called for. This is not to become unfair to the students. This is just to show them that there are regulations to be observed and authorities to be respected, as that virtue will better prepare them for life out-of-door the confines of the school.There is no perfect way of teaching and classroom management. There are only receptive teachers who are attuned to individual students needs, thus a self-made implementation of the assertive style of teaching and classroom management (Meyer, A. 1990). In the report of Hill (1990 pp. 70-77) on an fortuity in preschool in which punishment was used to help children learn to obey rules. ane of the punishment procedur es was to write the name of the offending child on the batting order the first time non-compliance with rules occurred.The goal is impressive in that it stir the most of learning time, yet there were some unintentional depressing attitude effects. In this case, a child told to his parents the list of names of bad kids in the class, and the child also described how they were being reprimanded. The child also told to her parents that these kids had their names written on the board. In relation to this, the child asked his parents if being with the kids would make him become one of them. From the childs story, the mother decided to call down the school where she found a group of 5 and 6 family olds trying not to speak or move.As the parent observed, the teacher was diligently using retorts and punishment to mould the behavior of children. But every time a child giggled or laugh super or spoke without permission, another name went on the board. As the result, most of boys who c ame from families of unhorse socioeconomic background are found on that board (Hill 1990 pp. 70-77). From the results of the study of Hill (1990 pp. 70-77), it appears evident that what the child had absorbed from their punishment experiences, either vicariously or literally, was to spotlight on the manners that the teacher found unpleasant.The children tend to avoid such behavior at all costs, even if it is painful just to impress the teacher instead of attending to the learning activities. As part of the giving punishment in shaping the behavior of the child, classroom management as stated by (Slavin, 2005 p. 1) in his paper should be observed. One characteristic of effective classroom management introduced by Slavin is that it involves a clear, specific plan of classroom rules and procedures that would guide performance (Slavin, 2005 p. 1).There was also a reward and punishment formation observed. According to the teachers in the report of (Slavin, 2005 p. 1), every student wa s treated without bias but recognition was disposed to the most deserving and punishment was also implemented to address misbehavior. compliment or exemptions from some projects were the usual rewards given to performing students. The usual punishments were tautological assignment, reprimand, or in worst case, detention. The purpose of the reward and punishment system was to delineate the acceptable behavior from the unacceptable.Praise i. e. catching the students in the act of doing right, can be a powerful motivator for legion(predicate) students. One strategy for reducing misbehavior in class is to make sure to praise students for behaviors that are incompatible with the misbehavior you want to boil down (Slavin , 2005 p. 1). In relation to this, Kounin (1970 p. 10) justified that the transfer of pupil attention to the child being punished is a usual phenomenon, and almost always results in less attention, rather than to a greater extent, being paid to the desired learning o utcomes. both so often, the teachers intent to help a child alter a behavior to one which is more acceptable to both the youngster and his superiors has tragic sequelae. Educators using disciplinary procedures perceived by the child as crocked and unfeeling can cause trauma. According to Hyman and Zelikoff (1987 pp. 1-2), the symptoms of this trauma are often similar to those observed in adults with Post Traumatic Stress Disorders. Symptoms seen in children include somatic complaints, avoidance of school, and sleep disturbances. As Skinner (1974 p. 8) exclamatory a behavior which is followed a positive reinforcing motivation or stage setting will result in an increased tendency or prospect that the person will repeat such behavior, this concept also operates in the opposite direction wherein the person will have a rock-bottom tendency to do an act from which he or she received a negative reinforcement in the form of punishment. According to Thorndike (1912 p. 164-165), the main seam of idea surely is to guide and control action. To make it intelligent, adaptive, efficient, Thorndikes police of Effect proposed an alternative means of achieving the same end.Effects, rewards and punishments, were seen as stamping actions in or out and selectively, intelligently, adaptively determining behavior (Pavlov, 1927 p. 25). The effects of a given action thus altered redirected, controlled subsequent conduct and left no mastermind or need for thought or intellect. While Pavlovs formulations, though different principle from those of Thorndike but similar in goal. Pavlov was likewise interested, not just in a theory of learning but also in the organisms total behavior, in what was later referring as the principles of adaptive action.Both trial and error learning and conditioning accuse adaptation to the environment but this end was achieved in both cases mechanically, non-mentalistically without thought (Pavlov, 1927 p. 25). As part of development in shaping the be havior of an individual Thorndike 1912 reported that the two-factor learning theory in its version accepted Thorndales theory of habit formation, essentially unmodified and in doing so, necessarily adjust itself with the thoughtless psychologies or behavior-zoologies (Thorndike 1912 p. 64-165). In admitting fear conditioning and in create a feedback conception of punishment, the theory disposed itself toward what has become explicit. Now answer facilitation as no less a matter of conditioning and message change than is response inhibition. And what is more immediately important, this new position, while in some ways just as mechanical and automatic as were the views of Thorndike and Pavlov.The prototype of knowledge in general are hopes and fears, both are internal events and such are assumed to be learned and later on learning, to occur in a purely automatic, involuntary manner, these are apparatus and determinism. There is no simple and direct relationship between what an or ganism learns and what it does. Action is the result of more or less intricate and fatten out processes intervening between the end result of more or less intricate and elaborate processes intervening between the end results of learning and the effectuation of behavior (Thorndike 1912 p. 64-165). As described in the previous discussions, motivation and reward offers more positive effect in learning than punishment. Punishment usually directs the action to do desired behavior which results to aggression, weak learning and trauma. The incident of trauma from punishment initiated by educators is much greater than one would think. According to the study of Hyman and Zelikoff (1987 p. 11), 40 to 60 percent of college graduates remember an event of extremely retaliatory disciplinary action given by educators.In Unites States over 1,000,000 students were beaten by their teachers in 1980 (Meyer 1990 30-47). As revealed in the study of Hyman and Zelikoff (1987), an individual that was pre viously abuse, beaten and punish are prone to become aggressors and criminals. Thus, the community should identify the significant risk factors of aggression and punishment provided by the community itself, the families that comprise the community, schools and academic institutions in the area, and individual backgrounds of the people.Moreover, the family also provides certain risk factors of aggression and punishment contributory to the development of violent attitudes and behaviors among children such as lack of oversight of childrens activities and habits, unfair and severe punishment for any misdemeanors and mistakes, conflicts between parents and children and between siblings, and parental toleration of violent behaviors. Review entailment From the given reviews concerning punishments, it is justified that parents, should very well know how to raise their children.Psychologists and researchers often recommend the use of authoritative parenting since it is well-rounded in all p arenting aspects but they should be cautious in giving punishments. Since authoritative parents have high expectations of their children, one can expect that a child will be pushed to do the best, and that authoritative parents also reciprocate love and warmth, the child can have feelings of security. Another is that a child can also have the freedom to express his own thoughts and beliefs.The relationship between parenting styles and punishment resulting to aggression is very clear. Authoritative and Permissive parents children often resort to aggression since the gentility of the parents is, faulty, if you may. The resort to aggression can also be triggered by comparatively high and constant exposure to aggression by family, peers and the media. Also, the cross-generational aggression can also trigger aggression. It creates an unending cycle of aggression.On the other hand, punishment given to a child in school setting should be observed by the educators to avoid weak learning ef fectiveness. Positive learning environment or classroom management involves the strategies that teachers implement in preventing and discussion misbehavior, using class time effectively, creating an atmosphere that encourages interest and inquiry, and permitting activities that engage students minds and imaginations (Slavin, 2005).teacher should carefully observe the effect of punishments to students. Actually, it is suggested that teacher should use rewards strategy more often than giving punishment. Teachers and students have to work together to sustain positive behaviors and effective atmosphere for learning in order to ensure the successful transmission of knowledge in the classroom.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay

Meet the Client Jeff metalworkerThirty-two-year-old Jeff Smith is admitted from his health worry submitrs office to the acute c ar facility. Jeff was diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus supportive 2 years ago. His history includes fatigue, a productive cough up, and weight loss. A terabyte (TB) flake discharge was administered in the healthcare suppliers office. Admission prescriptions include isolation precautions for possible terabit.Admission ProcedureThe throw welcomes Jeff to a private populate at the rest of the h all(prenominal). According to hospital protocol, the moderate puts on a mask in the lead starting the addition process. Jeff tells the cling to that his render is downstairs and that he would like his partner to confront in the means with him.1.How should the value respond?A) Your healthcare supplier complimentss you to set up few rest. ill-advisedJeff is requesting an fortune for psychosocial support, which should be honored by the go d own on.B) Your partner whitethorn stay, al mavin be fonts if after we conduct the issuings of his tuberculin skin test. in reprobateSignifi sack upnistert others may stay with appropriate defending(prenominal) equipment. C) Your partner may stay, yet he needs to discontinue a mask. coifJeffs partner may stay in the room, but he should wear a mask to help decrease the possibility of contracting the TB organism.D) You dont ask to excise chances infecting your partner with TB, do you? ludicrousJeffs partner has al lay down been exposed. In addition, this response denies Jeff the support he is requesting.Jeffs partner, Anthony, arrives. Jeff wants to know why a mask is needful for lot entering his room.2.What teaching should the draw implement?A) Explain the use of a private room and mobile high-efficiency particle filters placed in the room.IN determineThese are necessity precautions against septic, mobile diseases such as TB. However, providing this info does non answer Jeffs question.B) Explain that the tuberculosis organism is most a equitable deal crack through the air. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, they produce infectious droplets that deal be br breakhed in by a nonher person. clearThis answer glide bys Jeff the scientific rationale for wearing a mask. C) evidence Jeff that tuberculosis lead non be spread to others, and e precisething bequeath be sanction if the mask is worn. anomalousThis is false information. Wearing a mask entrust non pr tear downt the contr save of tuberculosis (TB), but it will humiliate the risk of contracting the disease. D) Tell Jeff that masks are need for those persons who do non agree to be vaccinated with BCG vaccine. irrationalThe BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine is non mostly recommended for use in the United States. It is unless use here for very select persons who meet specific criteria. IsolationThe unlicensed assistive effect (UAP) asks why Jeff could non be in an empty semiprivate room closer to the maintains station so the weighty would non have to walk so far to provide care.3.What information should the nurse provide to the UAP on infection control practices? A) The customer needs to be at the end of the hall because he requires privacy.IN make betterThis is not the condition for the location of Jeffs room.B) The implementation of airborne precautions for possible TB requires a private, negative pressure room assignment. line upAccording to the Center for illness Control (CDC), in addition to isolating Jeff by using a private room, engineering controls cannister help to keep back the spread of TB. coercive the direction of the airflow can prevent contamination of air in adjacent regions. C) A private room is inevitable to implement strive precautions for possible TB. chimericalAirborne precautions, rather than contact precautions, are required to prevent the spread of TB.D) The knob needs to be at the end of the hall for confidentiality. defectiveConfidentiality is provided for every invitee, regardless of the clients room location. The nurse notices the UAP almost to enter Jeffs room to forgo a meal tray without wearing any protective apparel.4.What information should the nurse provide to the UAP?A) A mask is required for healthcare workers entering the room of person suspected of having active TB.CORRECTTB is spread by airborne transmittance of droplet nuclei. A well fitting, high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask is necessary to filter the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus. B) Wearing a mask, gown, and gloves is required for healthcare workers entering Jeffs room for any reason. preposterousThe solely protective apparel required when entering the room is a HEPA mask. C) The UAP will only be in the room for a brief moment to deliver the tray, so no intervention is needed by the nurse. wildSince TB is spread by airborne transmission of droplet nuclei, a HEPA mask is necessary for t he UAP to wear. The nurse needs to inform the UAP of this and ensure that appropriate PPE is worn in Jeffs room.D) Non-sterile gloves are necessary to deliver the meal and prevent the spread of TB. untimelyGloves do not prevent the transmission of an airborne organism. archetype CollectionAn acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain is part of the initial admission prescriptions. untimely morning sputum patterns will be dupeed for 3 unbent days and sent to the lab. 5.Which task(s) may the nurse de levelate to the UAP? (Select all that apply.) A) Tell Jeff that the specimen must be collected in the early morning. CORRECTThis task may be delegated.B) Provide Jeff with 3 sterile specimen cups at his bedside.CORRECTThis task may be delegated.C) Teach the client how to cough to obtain sputum from deep in the bronchi. improper education is a righteousness of the nurse that cannot be delegated. Jeff needs to be taught to cough deeply, using the diaphragm to produce sputum from the bronchi instea d of saliva from the viva voce cavity. D) Document the time and date that each sputum specimen was collected.CORRECTThis task may be safely delegated. However, it is the nurses responsibility to ensure that the documentation is completed and sent with the specimen to the lab. E) Assess Jeffs abilty to expectorate a sputum specimen. nonsensicalThis task may not be delegated.Jeff is scheduled for several activities the following morning. 6.Which activity should Jeff commit prototypical upon awakening?A) Eat a nutritionally wooden-headed, early morning chomp sent from the forage services department.INCORRECT slice small, nutritionally dense meals and snacks are necessary for clients with human immunodeficiency virus and/or TB, another(prenominal) do is of great anteriority. B) Obtain the first of 3 sputum specimens for laboratory testing.CORRECTBecause secretions collect during the night, Jeff should take the opportunity to cough and expectorate upon awakening before perform other morning activities.C) Take a shower and fill ready to go to radiology for a chest X-ray.INCORRECT some other action is of greater priority.D) Weigh to determine if weight loss from the disease is continuing.INCORRECTAlthough daily weight monitoring may be d 1, another action is of greater priority. Legal/Ethical ConceptsA female staff nurse tells the nursing executive program that she does not want to be assigned to care for Jeff. She states, I have never cared for a client with human immunodeficiency virus and do not want to start now. I have babies at syndicate that need me. 7.The nursing supervisor should base her response on what information some the right of a nurse to refuse to care for clients with human immunodeficiency virus? A) The registered nurse has the right and responsibility to protect the health of self and family and may at that placefore refuse to care for clients with contagious diseases.INCORRECTThis answer does not meet the professional aimlines s et forth by the ANA Code for Nurses that guide ethical nursing practice. B) The registered nurse may refuse to care for a client in circumstances where risk to the nurse outweighs the nurses responsibility to care for a client or if the assignment conflicts with the nurses ethical tireds.CORRECTAccording to the ANA Code for Nurses, a nurse may deterrent mental testingplely refuse to participate in care, but only on the grounds of either client advocacy or m ad-lib objection to a specific type of intervention. Exceptions may be do when risk of h spike outweighs the nurses responsibility to care for a overtaken client. For example, an immunosuppressed nurse may refuse to care for clients with authorized infectious processes. The pregnant nurse may refuse to care for the client with human immunodeficiency virus who has secondary infections such as toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus, both of which can cause severe dam get along with or death to the fetus. C) Refusal to treat or care for a person based on race, gender, or age is discrimination, which the federal government prohibits.INCORRECTThe nurse in this case is not refusing to care for the client based on these parameters. If the nurse did refuse, it would be illegal. D) The required staffing ratio of licensed personnel to client population does not furnish for professional nurses to refuse to care for a client.INCORRECTStaffing ratio is a budgeting issue. Nurses in many states may claim safe harbor if they detect staffing is unsafe, but this is not the reason given for refusal in this case.8. How should the nursing supervisor respond to the staff nurse who does not want to care for Jeff? A) I understand. I will assign you to a unalike client and give Jeff to one of the other nurses.INCORRECTThis response does not provide an opportunity to assess if something else is needed. B) I understand you are concerned, but I am concerned about you losing your job over this.INCORRECTNot only is addressin g possible dismissal of the nurse premature, this response does not provide an opportunity to assess whether something else is needed. C) I understand your fears, but do you recognize this will cause a hardship on your fellow staff members?INCORRECTThis response does not help develop the nurse as a team member, nor does it provide an opportunity to assess if something else is needed. D) I understand you want to protect your children. Please tell me your concerns regarding caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus.CORRECTThis response by the nurse supervisor demonstrates compassion and provides an opportunity to point out if education of the staff nurse is needed. Client EducationThe nurse checks on Jeff and finds him reading a brochure about TB. 9.Which statement by Jeff indicates that he understands why he is at risk for TB? A) I defecate my helper T jail cells are diminished from human immunodeficiency virus. Those are the cells needed to combat TB.CORRECThuman i mmunodeficiency virus attacks the CD4 receptors on the helper T cells that help the personify fight off diseases such as TB. B) I may get tuberculosis because my viral load count is diminished.INCORRECTAn increased human immunodeficiency virus viral load indicates disease progression and puts the client at risk for opportunistic infections. A decreased viral load count is desirable. It is a goal of anti-HIV therapy. C) I am at risk for developing TB because I was born with a low number of helper T cells.INCORRECTThis may indicate Jeff is in denial or lacks correct information. The human immunodeficiency virus is acquired rather than genetic in origin. D) I realize I am at risk for acquiring TB because I used intravenous drugs in the past.INCORRECTJeff could have been exposed to HIV and hepatitis virus from a contaminated needle. However, the mode of transmission of the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli is through respiratory secretions, not kin-borne routes. After 3 days, the nurse receives the results from Jeffs tuberculin skin test that was administered at his healthcare providers office. even off though Jeffs reaction to the tuberculin skin test measures only 5 mm in diameter, the healthcare provider documents a substantiative test result. A new graduate nurse finds this confusing. She tells her preceptor that she thought a 10 mm induration was the minimum size for a positive reading. 10.How should the nurse-preceptor respond?A) This confuses me, too. I think we need to consult with the healthcare provider.INCORRECTThe nurse-preceptor should be able to explain the tuberculin skin test result. B) That is not everlastingly true. A 5 mm induration is considered positive for TB in a person with HIV.CORRECTThe person with HIV has diminished T cell immunity, which compromises their ability to react to skin tests. Therefore, an induration of 5 mm is considered a positive reaction, rather than the standard of 10 to 15 mm for other classifys. C) It may b e that you are confusing induration with firing in skin testing results.INCORRECTThe hardened, raised area of induration at the site of the skin test is measured. Any flat, reddened area of inflammation is not measured. The graduate nurse did not indicate astonishment between the two. D) Lets ask the nurse-practitioner who specializes in caring for clients who are HIV positive.INCORRECTAlthough the practitioner is an excellent resource, the nurse-preceptor should be able to explain the tuberculin skin test result.Pharmacotherapeutics/Medication AdministrationBefore breakfast, the nurse brings Jeff the HIV medicines that are due. Jeff inquires about his other medications, stating, I take all my HIV pills at once before breakfast. I dont want to bother with this disease all day long11. How should the nurse state?A) To be most useful, HIV medications are prescribed on diametric schedules.CORRECTSome HIV inhibitors need to be given on an empty stomach and some need to be g iven with pabulum for surpass force. Many need to be taken around the clock, even if sleep is disrupted, to ensure drug efficacy. B) All right. I will give the rest to the UAP to bring in as soon as possible.INCORRECTThis is not the correct way for Jeff to take his medication, nor is it within the UAPs circumstance of practice to give medications. C) We are just trying to provide you with the vanquish nursing care possible on this unit.INCORRECTThat is a en garde rejoinder, which does not contribute to educating Jeff. D) We need your cooperation to help fight this disease.INCORRECTThis reply is mindal and implies that Jeff is uncooperative, which he is not. Jeff responds by agreeing to take his medications as prescribed. He wherefore states, However, I dont know what good they will do. Do you? 12. How should the nurse respond?A) I honestly do not know, but I would give it a try. What is there to lose?INCORRECTThis response does not educate Jeff about the manipulation o f the HIV meds. B) The main purpose of these medicines is to block the restitution of the HIV virus.CORRECTThe purpose of the antiretroviral and inhibitor medicines is to block the replication of the HIV virus and prevent opportunistic diseases. C) You should talk to your healthcare provider about your medications.INCORRECTThe nurse should be able to answer Jeffs question about his medications. D) Tell me about the experiences your friends have had with these medicines.INCORRECTexploration of how Jeff formed his opinion would be better if left until after the nurse answers Jeffs question. Jeffs healthcare provider has also prescribed the antibiotic Rifater. This drug is a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide. 13. What information is important to teach Jeff about the use of Rifater? (Select all that apply.) A) Rifampin stains weewee, stool, saliva, sweat, and tears reddish-orange.CORRECTThis teaching can help Jeff prepare for this side effect without anxiety. B) Liver function tests should be routinely conducted and monitored. CORRECTThe major side effect of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide is drug-induced hepatitis. Therefore, Jeff must be taught the importance of having blood samples drawn to monitor his liver function. C) There is no need to wear sunscreen when exposed to sunlight while fetching Rifater.INCORRECTPyrazinamide may make the skin sensitive to sunlight, and this should be taught to the client. D) adjunct Vitamin B6 may be prescribed.CORRECTJeff may be prescribed Vitamin B6 to prevent peripheral neuritis, a side effect of isoniazid (INH). E) Rifater has been known to remediation HIV within a few months of taking it.INCORRECTRifater is a first-line anti-tubeculin drugNursing DiagnosisJeff has been diagnosed with the opportunistic disease TB. He has experience weight loss and has a CD4 cell count of 240 cells/mm3. The healthcare provider moves Jeff from the HIV asymptomatic stage (CDC HIV Infection Stage 1) to the HIV Infection Stage 3 (AIDS). 14.What is the priority nursing diagnosis for Jeff at this time? A) Risk for new opportunistic infections relate to decreased insubordinate function.CORRECTSince Jeffs immune system is no longer competent, he is at risk for additional opportunistic infections. Immune problems start when the CD4 cell count drops below 500 cells/mm3. Preventing infections is a basic need and is a high priority in the immunocompromised client. B) Social isolation related to worsening of condition.INCORRECTSocial isolation should be addressed, but there is a higher(prenominal) priority nursing diagnosis. C) Imbalanced nutrition, less than torso requirements related to medication side effects.INCORRECTAlthough this is frequently a side effect of taking HIV and TB medications, there is a higher priority nursing diagnosis.D) Fatigue related to altered torso chemistry.INCORRECTAlthough the client initially complained of fatigue, there is a nursing diagnosis with a higher priori ty.Infection ControlOne of the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) says, Now that Jeffs condition has worsened and he has been moved to the HIV Symptomatic stage, shouldnt added precautions be posted on Jeffs approach to protect staff members? 15.What information should the nurse give the UAP?A) Following standard precautions will minimize the exposure to blood and body fluids.CORRECT ensample precautions are designed to prevent contact with blood or body fluids, which are the mode of transmission for HIV, and are used no function what the stage classification of the disease. B) Reverse isolation uses should be implemented to protect the staff.INCORRECTReverse isolation protects the immune-compromised client, not the staff. C) Respiratory precautions are all that are needed, and those are already posted on the door.INCORRECTThis does not address the UAPs concerns about prevention of HIV transmission from client to staff. D) Staff members caring for Jeff should begin prophylaxis medications. INCORRECTUnless HIV exposure occurs, staff should not begin the postexposure prophylacis regimen. The UAP has been assigned to help Jeff bathe. As the UAP prepares to enter Jeffs room, the nurse observes her putting on a gown, gloves, mask, and goggles. 16.What should the nurse say to the UAP?A) I see you are putting on a gown, gloves, mask, and goggles to go into the clients room. Help me understand this choice.CORRECTThis type of open-ended statement seeks clarification and invites the UAP into a dialog where teaching can take place. The nurse can then educate the UAP concerning the proper use of equipment. amount precautions (for HIV) require that gloves be worn, and respiratory precautions (for TB) require that a mask be worn. Goggles and a gown are not necessary. B) Dont you know all that equipment is not necessary?INCORRECTThis statement is to a fault aggressive and may seem demeaning to the UAP. C) Wearing all that equipment is a waste of hospital supplies. INC ORRECTWhile it is important to ensure effective use of resources, this statement is critical and negative and may cause the UAP to lead defensive. D) Wearing all that equipment may frighten Jeff.INCORRECTWhile the extravagant equipment may frighten Jeff, there is a better response. Oral moniliasisThe nurse notices that Jeff has left most of his dinner untouched. The nurse offers to order something different for Jeff, but he replies that his mouth is sore and he just doesnt feel like eating. 17.Which assessment finding by the nurse would be indicative of oral examination candidiasis, a commonplace secondary infection in persons with compromised immune systems? A) Blisters on the tongue or oral mucosa.INCORRECTThis is a sign of herpes simplex type virus 1 (HSV-1) infection. B) rubor of the gums.INCORRECTThis is a symptom of gingivitis.C) Painless white lesions on the squinty surface of the tongue.INCORRECTThis is a description of leukoplakia.D) White-yellow patches on the tongu e or oral mucosa.CORRECTThis sign is indicative of a Candida albicans infection. It is a common finding in people with HIV, and it frequently occurs with a falling CD4 cell count. The nurse notifies the healthcare provider, who prescribes nystatin (Mycostatin) 6 ml PO 4 times per day.18.What instruction should the nurse give Jeff about the use of liquified Mycostatin? A) Place all of the reprieve in the mouth, then lick and swallow immediately.INCORRECTThis is not the proper way to take politic Mycostatin.B) Sip the suspension over 5 delicates, swishing and swallowing after each sip.INCORRECTThis is not the proper way to take limpid Mycostatin.C) Place the suspension in the mouth, then swish for several minutes before swallowing.CORRECTThis swish and swallow technique is the proper way to take liquid Mycostatin. Providers also recommend gargling, as well as swishing, prior to swallowing. D) employ the applicator to paint the medication on the infected sites and swallow the r emain loony toons.INCORRECTThis describes the recommended procedure for young children or infants taking Mycostatin.Nutritional InterventionsJeff Smith is 5 feet, 11 inches tall. He has a large frame and weighs 152 pounds. His menstruation BMI (body mass index) is 17.4. Jeff says he realizes he should eat, but he does not have the energy or the appetite, even when he has no oral pain. The nurse identifies the nursing diagnosis of, Imbalanced Nutrition less than body requirements. 19. To come upon the goal of improving Jeffs nutrition, which nursing intervention should the nurse perform? A) Consult with Jeff to assess his food preferences.CORRECTDetermining Jeffs food preferences is a good first step. It is of the essence(p) that Jeff be an active role player in his care so he has some control. If a favourite food is not on the menu, it can be requested. B) Request a prescription for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).INCORRECTWhile this may eventually be needed, it is not th e outmatch intervention at this point. C) certify Jeff that adequate nutrition is essential.INCORRECTJeff has already indicated he understands the need to eat.D) enlighten Jeff to focus on breakfast, the most important meal of the day.INCORRECTIt is not necessary to focus on breakfast. Adequate nutrition can be achieved from meals eaten throughout the day. 20. Since Jeff now has thrush, in addition to fatigue and anorexia, which food vanquish contributes to improving Jeffs nutrition? A) Broiled steak.INCORRECTAlthough steak is a good source of protein, it requires energy to chew, and it may be irritating to Jeffs mouth. B) draw shake.CORRECTA milk shake is a nutrient-dense food. It provides needed calories, calcium, and protein. Jeff can drink the nutritious snack without using the energy it would take to eat a full meal. Jeff may find the cool liquid is assuasive to his sore mouth. C) Tomato soup.INCORRECTAlthough liquid soup is not baffling to eat, (note, the warmth coul d be soothing), the acidity of the tomato soup may be irritating to Jeffs mouth.D) Lettuce salad with raw vegetables.INCORRECTAlthough a salad with raw vegetables is a good source of vitamins, it requires energy to chew, and it may be irritating to Jeffs mouth. A Complication OccursJeff develops severe profligacy with occasional incontinence that could be caused by an opportunistic gastrointestinal infection or by one of his medications. While stool cultures are pending, other interventions can be initiated. 21. Which task(s) should be delegated to the UAP? (Select all that apply.) A) Weigh Jeff each morning before breakfast.CORRECTWeights can be obtained by the UAP.B) Measure the urine output.CORRECTMeasurement of the urine output can be delegated to the UAP, then reported to the RN. C) Count and degrade the number of watery stools.CORRECTThe UAP can legally count and depict the number of watery stools. However, it is the nurses responsibility to be aware(predicate) of the clients condition and promptly report any profound changes to the healthcare provider. D) Evaluate the rate and quality of Jeffs pulse.INCORRECTThe nurse must evaluate the quality and rate of Jeffs pulse because this requires judgment and expertise beyond the setting of practice of unlicensed personnel. E) Check Jeffs skin turgor to determine if he is dehydrated.INCORRECTThe nurse conducts physical exam procedures, including assessing for alterations in skin turgor, to determine hydration status. This expertise is not within the scope of practice for the UAP. When execute Jeffs morning physical assessment, the nurse discovers that he has a weak, rapid pulse. He also has decreased skin turgor and dry, sticky, oral mucous membranes. His weight is 2 pounds less than it was yesterday morning. 22. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?A) Fatigue.INCORRECTFatigue may be present with diarrhea, but it is not the priority nursing diagnosis.B) Disturbed sleep pattern.INCORRECTWhil e diarrhea may certainly disrupt sleep, this is not the priority diagnosis.C) shortfall Fluid Volume.CORRECTA weak, rapid pulse decreased skin turgor dry, sticky, oral mucous membranes and weight loss are signs of desiccation.D) Situational low self-esteem.INCORRECTIncontinence of stool may lead to low self-esteem, but this is not the priority diagnosis. 23. Which action should the nurse take first?A) Hold Jeffs breakfast tray to provide bowel rest.INCORRECTWhile clear liquids or another fodder that promotes bowel rest may be prescribed, another action should be performed first.B) Perform oral care and moisten mucous membranes.INCORRECTAnother action should be performed first.C) Take Jeffs blood pressure to assess for postural hypotension.CORRECTPostural hypotension can result from dehydration. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to obtain this vital information because it directly impacts Jeffs safety. D) Notify the healthcare provider of Jeffs weak, rapid pulse.INCORREC TAnother action should be performed before apprizeing the healthcare provider. 24. The health care provider is notified of Jeffs physical exam findings indicating possible dehydration and vital signs, including a blood pressure of 100/50. It is determined that Jeff could use a bolus of IV fluids. The HCP prescribes 1000 cc of normal saline to run over 6 hours. The drop factor tubing set is 15 drops/ml. How many drops/minute will the IV run? (Enter the numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the whole number.)42 CORRECT1000/360 X 15 = 41.66 = 42 gtts/minuteJeffs stool cultures are negative. After treatment with fluids and diet modification, his diarrhea resolves in 24 hours. Jeffs fluid balance is restored and his oral candidiasis is resolving.Discharge InstructionsBefore Jeff is discharged home, it is important that he understands how to prevent the spread of HIV. When discussing infection control practices with the nurse, Jeff says, I have hear that con doms dont always prevent HIV.25. How should the nurse respond?A) If used correctly and consistently, latex condoms are highly effective in preventing the transmission of HIV.CORRECTJeffs misinformation and misunderstanding is a common myth regarding the effectiveness of latex condoms. Studies prove that condoms work. B) I know you would feel terrible if you passed HIV to someone because you did not use a condom.INCORRECTNot only is this statement judgmental, the nurse also presumes to know how Jeff will feel.C) I will have an AIDS educator discuss condom use with you.INCORRECTThe nurse has the knowledge to respond to Jeffs question.D) What is your source of information about condom failure?INCORRECTWhile it may be accommodating to know where Jeff got his information, this response does not answer Jeffs question. Jeff assures the nurse that he will use a condom with each sexual encounter. He also expresses concern that he may become dehydrated again. 26. What resource can be provided for Jeff in the event this complication occurs? A) Meals on Wheels.INCORRECTMeals on Wheels is a national nonprofit organization that delivers food tothe elderly, the disabled, and the homebound. Jeff would not be a candidate to receive help from Meals on Wheels. B) HIV/AIDS support group.INCORRECTAlthough an HIV/AIDS support group can be a valuable resource, it cannot prevent Jeff from getting diarrhea or becoming dehydrated. C) Access to the services of a registered dietitian.CORRECTIt is essential that the nurse arrange a consult for Jeff with a registered dietitian before he is discharged home. The dietitian will give Jeff specific information on suggested foods and liquids to include in his diet to help prevent dehydration if diarrhea occurs at home. The clinical dietitian will provide Jeff with resources, such as a phone number, that will give him access to the dietitian on an outpatient basis. pap cancerEvolve Case Study Breast Cancer Patient Sandra Williams1) Sele ct whatever day you can best remember to perform BSE consistently every month. 2) When lying down, your arm should be positioned over your head. 3) The combination of yearly CBE and monthly BSE is the best approach for early detection. 4) Teach Barb that even women with no set risk factors are at risk 5) You may experience some discomfort, but only for a few minutes. 6) Its hard to regard that this is happening, isnt it? 7) Are you saying that you do not want to have surgery?8) Anticipatory grieving9) To ensure your safety, I need to notify the surgeon of the snack you ate.10) Nonmaleficence11) Notify the surgeon that farther explanation of the procedure is necessary 12) Observe the Jackson-Pratt drainage device, Administer a PRN dose of prescribed analgesic, Monitor vital signs and pulse oximetry 13) Encourage Sandra to continue performing these exercises 14) Advise the UAP to immediately stop and obtain a larger knock so the BP reading can be taken in the leg 15) Both the GN an d UAP are at fault for the incorrect action of the UAP. 16) invite Sandra to clarify how she learned this information so that a plan for further teaching can be developed17) Blood clots18) The medication decreases estrogen levels, which is what also causes the symptoms of menopause19) Diarrhea, Alopecia20) Label the two lumens as non-functional, and use one of the remaining lumens 21) Oral temperature of 99.5 F22) Altered tissue perfusion23) Apply a sequential compression device, Elevate the affected arm. 24) Fifteen minutes prior to administration of the next dose of the drug. 25) 6326) Candida superinfection27) A 65-year-old woman, who is a retired instructor and who never married or had children. 28) Younger sister29) Unusual skin texture.30) Hard, irregular, and does not move freely

Explain the Importance of the Outsider in the Novel ‘of Mice and Men’

Explain the importance of the outsider in the figment Of Mice and workforce An outsider is someone who is not accepted or is isolated from society. Of Mice and hands is set in the 1930s, where society considered more great deal as outsiders. During this period, some(prenominal) tidy sum were racist, sexist and prejudice towards disabled people. This is signaln with several characters in the novel including Crooks, Curlys married woman and dulcorate who argon all considered as outsiders in this novel, since they each had something that the society at that time were prejudice towards. In the 1930s sable people were high uply discriminated over against.This was mainly because many black people started to migrate form the south to the north in nine to find employment. Many blacks stared to establish their own neighbourhoods, businesses and restaurants. All this activity caused opposition to grow with the whites already living in these areas and many white people werent used to black people living in their association and this caused a lot of tension between whites and blacks. Furthermore, because of the Great Depression many people lost their callings and had to find new jobs, and the blacks who had migrated up north, started to take on hand(predicate) jobs.The white people living in the north became angry that the blacks were pickings over their positions. The character Crooks from the novel, is an hoary black man with a asymmetrical back. He is belike the most discriminated against since he is black and disabled, which means he croupt do as much work as the other. He works as a stable buck at the ranch, but although he has a job, we faeces assume that he holds the final wage on the ranch because he is black. This is shown in the novel since he doesnt guard a proper bed instead he has a long box filled with straw, on which blankets were flung. This is probably because of his utter social status and therefore doesnt arse around the same a s the other workers on the farm, which includes a proper bed. Furthermore he is dislocated form the other workers, since he lives in in the harness agency a little shed that leaned off the wall of the barn or else than in the workers room, interchangeable the rest of the workers. Crooks himself shows this when he says I aint wanted in the ticktack house Cause Im black. Again, this is probably because of his low social status, and because of this he is excluded from the rest of he workers.We are shown just how low his social status is when we find he must share his medicine with the animals, a range of medicine bottles, twain for himself and for the horses. This shows us because of his skin colour, he has to use what is available, rather than having his own possessions, and that he is almost equal to an animal, in the eyes of the society. Crooks often acts standardized he doesnt want anyone in his space, for example when Lennie enters his room he says, Youve got no right comin g in my room. This heres my room. He acts like this because he feels that if he isnt aloud in the white peoples houses, they shouldnt be aloud in his.However his appetency for company ultimately wins out when he invites Lennie in his room. Also when edulcorate comes into his room, Steinbeck tells us It was difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure with anger. This shows us that although Crooks wants to act like he doesnt want people coming into his room, he actually is happy when people call on the carpet to him, since he is an outsider and doesnt have any company. Another character who is considered an outsider in the novel is glaze overs wife. In the novel, she is never given a name and this is probably since she has no importance in society.During Steinbecks time, women were not held in high regard, but were just present to serve men. Curlys wife is neglected by Curly and because of this she is al authoritys seeking attention. This is shown by the way she dresses with Red mules and Bouquets of red ostrich feathers. She is heavily made up and has rouge lips and her fingernails were red. Steinbeck uses this imagery to portray her as provocative, since red was a very provocative colour in this period. She dresses like this since she knows her beauty is her only superpower in this society and is they only way to get attention, which she doesnt get form Curly.However, by trying to get the attention of other men, she move outside her role as a married women, and this is probably why she is often called a tramp or a tart. consecutive away George senses that she is trouble and says You keep away from her, cause shes a rattrap if I ever seen one. George knows that Curly would be very angry if he caught one of the men flirting back with her, but not because he is jealous but because he sees his wife as his property, rather than a person, and this is probably another reason why she is named as Curlys wife.Just like Crooks, since she is an outsider, Cur lys wife is looking for constantly looking for company and the perfect opportunity to talk to someone is when goes Curly is out with the workers. All who are left are the weak ones-herself, Candy, Crooks and Lennie. She even says it herself- Standin here talkin to a bunch of bindle stiffs-a nigger an a dum-dum and a lousy ol sheep-an likin it because they aint nobody else. However, she is so despairing for companionship that she talks to them anyway.She is breathing strongly, as though she had been running again this shows us just how desperate and lonely she is as an outsider. In addition, Candy is another character who can be considered as an outsider. He is an old man, left with only one hand as the result of an accident at work. Because of his disability he cannot do the labour that the others do, and so has a disgrace job as a swamper- the man who cleans out the bunk house. We know he is old, since when Steinbeck first introduces him, he describes him with lots of words that show him to be old and weak, such as old man and deform shouldered.He often uses lots of anecdotes which show that he remises on the past, like many old people do and that he has been on the ranch a long time. Also, he often repeats himself, which shows that his memory is deteriorating and he is ageing. Candy knows that he is getting weaker, and that in brief his boss will soon declare him as useless and he will lose his job- Theyll can be pretty soon. Jus as soon as I cant swamp out no more bunk houses theyll vomit up me on the county. Because he cant afford to lose his job he doesnt challenge anything.When they hitch his dog, since its withal old, he feels even lonelier since his dog was his only real friend. Also it reminds him that when he becomes old, he will no longer be needed. Candy even says to George, you seen what they do to my dog tonight? They says he wasnt no good to himself or nobody else. When they can me here I wisht somebodyd shoot me to. He says this beca use without a job he will have nowhere to go since because of his age, disability and the Depression he cant get another job.Candy is excluded from the workers social life by his age, his disability and his demeaning job, but also by his own choice-I didnt go in there. I aint got no poop no more. He knows he is too old to socialize and this makes him an outsider since he cant do what the other workers do since he is too old. In conclusion, I think Steinbeck uses outsiders, such as Candy, Crooks and Curlys wife, to try to show the discrimination against gender, race, age and disability in 1930s society and how it affected the lifes of outsiders of 1930s society.

Port Expander Research Paper

1. What is a carriage Expander A embrasure expander is a device that allows one port on a computer system to connect to bigeminal devices. There argon devil basic forms of port expanders internal and external. An internal expander has a connection within the computer, typically on the motherboard, and the only part the user sees is the expansion dwelling house containing multiple ports. An external device plugs into the existing port and then has multiple places to connect. When not part of a computer system, these devices are commonly cognise as splitters.2. Types of user interface ExpandersUSB Port Expander FireWire Port Expander Ethernet Port Expander VGA Port Expander small computer system interface Port Expander Serial Port Expander Video Port Expander Audio Port Expander DVI Port Expander DB-25 Port Expander SATA Port Expander3. Are they generic,or can work on multiple computersThere are no specific types of ports for different computers in todays technology. in all the computers from PC to Mac have all the same ports on them. Port Expanders will work for just about any PC.4. Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages of using port expanders are that you get more ports to use. If you ever run out of VGA ports, usb, small computer system interface ,or even Ethernet ports. You can always buy a port expander for it whether it be internal or external. alike In Some cases port expanders are cheaper than getting an equal number of real ports. Disadvantages are a isthmus of them are external and they can get in the way of you working. Also could use more power and if your power source isnt good overflowing it could cause problems when you add more devices it consumes more power. The power source Milli amperage is throttle theres only so many extra ports you can use. And if you over bear down the power source the computer wont turn on. Until you unplug them. And I read that it can possibly destroy the power supply only if rarely.

Deception Point Page 24

In that same edition, paleobiologist Stephen Jay Gould summed up the problems with ALH84001 by pointing bulge out that the evidence in it was chemical substance and inferential, rather than solid, like an unambiguous bone or shell.Now, however, Rachel realized NASA had effect irrefutable proof. No skeptical scientist could possibly step fore and organizespring these fossils. NASA was no acheer touting blurry, enlarged photos of solelyeged microscopic bacteria-they were offering up real meteorite samples w here bio-organisms visible to the naked eye had been embedded in the stone. Foot-long liceRachel had to jocularity when she realized shed been a childhood fan of a song by David Bowie that referred to spiders from Mars. Few would chip in guessed how close the androgynous British pop headliner would come to foreseeing astrobiologys greatest moment.As the distant strains of the song ran through Rachels mind, corked hurried up behind her. Has Mike bragged about his documentar y tho?Rachel replied, No, save Id love to hear about it.Corky slapped Tolland on the put up. Go for it, big boy. Tell her why the chair decided that the most of the essence(p) moment in science history should be handed oer to a snorkeling TV star.Tolland groaned. Corky, if you dont mind?Fine, Ill explain, Corky said, prying his trend in searchween them. As you probably know, Ms. Sexton, the death chair go out be giving a press conference tonight to tell the solid ground about the meteorite. Because the vast majority of the world is made up of half-wits, the hot seat asked Mike to come onboard and dumb everything quite a little for them.Thanks, Corky, Tolland said. Very nice. He looked at Rachel. What Corkys trying to say is that because theres so much scientific data to convey, the President thought a short visual documentary about the meteorite office help make the information more accessible to mainstream America, populacey of whom, oddly, dont dedicate advanced deg rees in astrophysics.Did you know, Corky said to Rachel, that Ive merely learned our nations President is a closet fan of Amazing Seas? He shook his head in mock disgust. Zach Herney-the ruler of the free world-has his secretary tape Mikes plan so he can decompress after a long day.Tolland shrugged. The mans got taste, what can I say?Rachel was now starting to realize just how masterful the Presidents plan was. Politics was a media game, and Rachel could already imagine the earnestness and scientific credibility the nerve of Michael Tolland on-screen would bring to the press conference. Zach Herney had recruited the ideal man to endorse his little NASA coup. Skeptics would be hard-pressed to challenge the Presidents data if it came from the nations wind television science personality as well as several(prenominal) respected civilian scientists.Corky said, Mikes already taken video depositions from all of us civilians for his documentary, as well as from most of the tiptop NASA specialists. And Ill bet my field of study Medal that youre next on his list.Rachel turned and eyed him. Me? What argon you talking about? I have no credentials. Im an intelligence affair. then why did the President send you up here?He hasnt told me yet.An disport grin crossed Corkys lips. Youre a White House intelligence liaison who deals in clarification and authentication of data, right?Yes, but nothing scientific.And youre the daughter of the man who built a campaign around criticizing the money NASA has supernumerary in space?Rachel could hear it coming.You have to admit, Ms. Sexton, Ming chimed in, a deposition from you would trust this documentary a whole new dimension of credibility. If the President send you up here, he must want you to participate somehow.Rachel again flashed on William Pickerings concern that she was being used.Tolland checked his watch. We should probably head over, he said, motioning toward the spirit of the habisphere. They should be get close .Close to what? Rachel asked.Extraction time. NASA is bringing the meteorite to the surface. It should be up any time now.Rachel was stunned. You fatheads are actually removing an eight-ton rock from under cardinal hundred feet of solid ice?Corky looked gleeful. You didnt think NASA was going to allow for a discovery like this buried in the ice, did you?No, but, Rachel had seen no signs of large-scale excavation equipment anywhere inside the habisphere. How the heck is NASA planning on get the meteorite out?Corky puffed up. No problem. Youre in a path full of rocket scientistsBlather, Ming scoffed, looking at Rachel. Dr. Marlinson enjoys flexing other peoples muscles. The truth is that everyone here was stumped about how to get the meteorite out. It was Dr. Mangor who proposed a viable solution.I havent met Dr. Mangor.Glaciologist from the University of New Hampshire, Tolland said. The ordinal and final civilian scientist recruited by the President. And Ming here is correct, i t was Mangor who figured it out.Okay, Rachel said. So what did this guy propose?Gal, Ming corrected, sounding smitten. Dr. Mangor is a woman.Debatable, Corky grumbled. He looked over at Rachel. And by the way, Dr. Mangor is going to hate you.Tolland shot Corky an angry look.Well, she will Corky defended. Shell hate the competition.Rachel felt lost. Im sorry? Competition?Ignore him, Tolland said. Unfortunately, the point that Corky is a total moron somehow escaped the National Science Committee. You and Dr. Mangor will get along fine. She is a professional. Shes considered one of the worlds top glaciologists. She actually moved to Antarctica for a few years to study cold movement.Odd, Corky said, I heard UNH took up a donation and displace her there so they could get some peace and quiet on campus.Are you aware, Ming snapped, seeming to have taken the comment personally, that Dr. Mangor almost died down there She got lost in a storm and lived on shut blubber for five weeks before anyone found her.Corky whispered to Rachel, I heard no one was looking.26The limousine ride back from the CNN studio to Sextons office felt long for Gabrielle Ashe. The senator sat across from her, gazing out the window, obviously gloating over the debate.They sent Tench to an afternoon pipeline show, he said, turning with a handsome smile. The White House is getting frantic.Gabrielle nodded, noncommittal. Shed sensed a look of smug satisfaction on Marjorie Tenchs face as the woman drove off. It made her nervous.Sextons personal cellphone rang, and he fished in his pocket to grab it. The senator, like most politicians, had a hierarchy of phone numbers at which his contacts could reach him, depending on how important they were. Whoever was employment him now was at the top of the list the call was coming in on Sextons private line, a number even Gabrielle was discouraged to call.Senator Sedgewick Sexton, he chimed, accentuating the musical quality of his name.Gabrielle couldnt he ar the caller over the sound of the limo, but Sexton listened intently, replying with enthusiasm. Fantastic. Im so pleased you called. Im thinking six oclock? Super. I have an apartment here in D.C. Private. Comfortable. You have the address, right? Okay. Looking forward to meeting you. See you tonight then.

How does Steinbeck present the character of Crooks in chapter 4? Essay

Chapter 4 of the Of Mice and Men novella introduces a character named Crooks. Crooks isnt shown as a main character of the story, but is castn untold airy in this chapter. Crooks is a black part set on a 1930s ranch, working as a immutable buck. Steinbeck presents the Character of Crooks to us as he wouldnt of been considered during the times of the Great Depression and shows us the negative stereotypes of black mickle in an Ameri stooge 1930s society.Crooks is a minority character introduced in chapter 4. Page 66 reads negro stable buck. Crooks character is introduced exactly the way he would be seen by another(prenominal) ranch workers. Steinbecks intentions of presenting Crooks for the first time to us in this way, is to give us the outline of the black workers of 1930s America. Steinbeck motivationed us to instantaneously recognise the prejudice black people faced before we got to pick out his character. A etiolated person of the 1930s would of saw Crooks as a black wo rker and nothing. Steinbeck chose to introduce Crooks character in the way people then would of saw him to the way we continue to see him as we project the finish of his character.Steinbeck gives c areful detail of Crooks room. At the beginning of chapter 4, page 66 reads a long box filled with straw, on which his blankets were flung. Crooks bunk is expound as an untidy and self-conscious place to rest, much similar to the animals with whom he shares the harness room with. The importance of Crooks room is to raise the segregation of America in the 1930s. As Crooks is a black composition he isnt allowed to sleep in the bunk house with the colour workers. In addition, nobody considers Crooks disable workforcet, when leaving him to live in these in pityinge conditions because he was a black man who they saw had no standing.Crooks room suggests the essence of his life. The description of his room, on page 66 reads which hung broken harness in process of being mended. This sugg ests that Crooks has no separation from his working life to his individualised life. Linking back to the previous point, segregation of the bloodless men and the black men consequences Crooks to remain in the harness room where he works. Therefore, his life revolves most the four walls of his room merely swapping from his work to his rest in an uncomfortable bed.Crooks is presented to us an intelligent man despite his race. On page 67 of chapter 4, the description states a mauled copy of the California Civil Code 1905. This is verification that Crooks is able to read, which suggests his intelligence, but also shows us he is aware of the rights he is entitled to as a black man. Furthermore, because Crooks knows his rights and standing, he understands that he is a minority among the ranch workers as he is the only black worker.Crooks is a lonely character amongst the ranch workers. Nearer the beginning of the chapter, amongst Lennies entrance, on page 68 Crooks states Dont com e in a place where youre not wanted. Crooks is shown being harsh to Lennie, and trying to resist him away. This suggests that Crooks loneliness has caused him to no longer accept any kindness, whether its from a white or black man. However, because of the segregation between the black and white workers, Crooks seems to be verbalizeing to himself rather than to Lennie. This is suggested by Crooks, already being aware of the disagreement he faces by being excluded from the bunk house with the white workers, he is not wanted by them which is exactly what he says to Lennie.Crooks comes across as defensive towards Lennie being in his room. He states on page 68, I got a right to have a light. He is very affectionate in his response to Lennie. Crooks does this because he is afraid of being hurt by anyone, holding a barrier up towards the other workers who already distinguish him. He being the ethnic minority, more than likely considers any interpretation to be a individualised crit icism of a black mans room. This is symbolic and he declares having a light is a staple fiber human right he is entitled to.Lennie being mentally much less able gives the ideal opportunity to help exercise many authority in Crooks life. Page 71 for instance, Spose George put one overt come back no more. () Whatll you do then? is terminative. By this stage of the chapter, there has been a power shift. Crooks is fully aware of the tribulation this would cause Lennie, as he would struggle to manage alone. The terminative comments are cruel and are linked to his jealousy of the companionship of George and Lennie, page 71 one quotes a private victory and even pleasure in some way. Steinbeck is presenting the bad streak that loneliness is drawing from Crooks, as a minority character.Being in most ways isolated, Crooks has excitement and coarse curiosity due to his desperation for social interaction. In chapter 4, page 69, he questions Lennie, You travel around with George dont ya ?. Crooks is being shown as fishy and nosy into Lennies relationship with George. However, this is suggesting more into Crooks enjoyment into having a parley with someone other than himself, by asking questions he keeps the interaction breathing out because he isnt used to having company.Crooks continues to hide his excitement upon glazes arrival. Page 74 of chapter 4 sees candys entrance to Crooks room, You can come in if you want. Crooks reply to Candy is less defensive than previously, as Lennies child-like kindness has created a domino effect. This is showing him to be much more welcoming, which suggests he doesnt want to be obvious astir(predicate) his excitement. Crooks is at ease as his barrier is broken down, and his excitement is interred whilst he still craves the conversationCrooks is faced with racial prejudice from Curleys wife in chapter 4. For example, page 80 reads Listen. Nigger () You know what I can do to you if you open your trap? Curleys wife brings inte rrupt to his door, thinking she has the moral high ground, power to play god in his life. Steinbecks intentions were to show how being a nigger is a human being portrayed as simply nothing, having no traits, or feelings. Crooks has no standing and is powerless as a minority. Any defence he may put forward would not even be heard, because of the racial prejudice he faces.As the story unfolds Crooks becomes very demoralized in his outlook towards the American dreams of Ranch Workers. Chapter 4, page 73 Crooks states They come, an they quit an they go on an every damn one of ems got a little piece of land in his head. Crooks views are very pessimistic but also realistic, as he has experienced dream later dream after dream that has failed. Steinbeck presents Crooks with cynical views at this point of the chapter, which supports Crooks sympathy that loneliness drives you to insanity.Crooks feels nostalgic about his childishness. Page 70 shows Crooks tell Lennie The white kids come to play at our place () some of them was pretty nice. This suggests his nostalgic feelings, making him vulnerable at this stage. Willingly disclosing such a personal memory helps with our understanding of this character, he is wise and able to distinguish the occurrence that not all white people are racist. This is a contrasting point in the chapter, as we understand Crooks want for social acceptance, because during his childhood he wasnt exposed to the racial discrimination he faces at his present day.Crooks learns a dream to give him hope during the abundant depression of the 1930s. Page 73 of chapter 4 reads Had a strawberry patch. Had an lucerne patch. This shows us Crooks childhood of him already experiencing the land, which suggests Crooks understanding of the freedom of the American dream lifestyle the ranch workers want. Furthermore, the use of the repeated word had suggests that Steinbeck has written George and Lennies dream in reverse through Crooks childhood.Crooks ch aracter has a need for companionship due to his loneliness. Page 73 of chapter 4 sees Crooks explaining to Lennie If some guy wire was with me, he could tell me I was asleep, an then it would be all right. Crooks is trying to emphasize the fact he has no reassurance when he has bad dreams or pessimistic thoughts. This shows Crooks character dwelling on how alone he is without anyone to talk to or interact with.Companionship creates confidence in Crooks character. Page 77 shows Crooks in defence to Curleys Wife We dont want no trouble. The use of the word we shows Crooks having confidence to defend himself alongside Candy and Lennie. This shows that having companionship makes Crooks character more confident. Furthermore, this suggests that after Crooks lets his barrier down to Candy and Lennie, and starting to have hope, Crooks could gain companionship by achieving the American dream.In conclusion, Steinbecks character of Crooks is used to convey the effects of racial oppressio n and loneliness for black people during 1930s America. Using his situation on the ranch to give us a glimpse of society and the realism. Steinbeck presents Crooks on a personal level in chapter 4. He does this by let us experience the racism and discrimination Crooks receives for being black, not so much disabled, after we get to know and understand the intelligence and extent of his character. Therefore, our emotions are heightened and we are led to feel sympathy for Crooks.

Comparison of the Italian Prison System to Ours Essay

university of genus Phoenix A World Apart A Comparison of the Italian prison System to Ours Matthew Kramer 4/23/2011 The Italian correctional ashes although oft older than the the Statesn system ar actu entirelyy comparable to severally other. Both consider come from fledgling launchings in the past that fork bring out both(prenominal) evolved because of officials in higher positions as well as concerned citizens that turn over voiced their opinions on how inmates atomic number 18 treated and how they are halld during their sentences. They have both experimented with the Pennsylvania and Auburn style types of correctional institutions.While the States has primarily g mavin with just one of the models Italian prisons have issuingn a mix of both throughout their unpolished. Their types of institutions are also beauteous such(prenominal) the same as we have here with problems with overcrowding and under backing. Italy has designated three order penal housing auth orities that are divided into three hindrance detention institutions these are as follows The preventive detention centers, the institutions for the proceeding of sentences and the institution of security measures.However the building of these institutions has been a problem due to funding and has also focalised many inmates in kiosks that are built for one inmate. America also has the same problem with overcrowding and underfunding causing our country to place more(prenominal) inmates in spaces that were non designed for that many people. We leave behind not place more than two inmates to a cell as where in Italy you may see more than two in a cell for a period of time because there is nowhere else to put them.The institutions for the execution of sentencing are divided into sub groups of arrest centers and detention centers. The institutions of security measures are also broken up into prison farms, work homes, treatment and manpower centres and judicial psychiatric hospit als. Ameri female genital organ correctional institutions also have something standardised to this although well-nigh of these are accompanied under the same umbrella. Inmates that enter the American system initially go to prison and from there unless sentenced differently they allow be placed in a half way house or probation and parole house.Mental health inmates carry to stay at the prison while some will be moved to asseverate mental hospitals for further treatment. The population of the two different correctional systems is very different here in America our inmate population is at almost 2. 5 million as of a survey through in 2008 while in Italy their total inmate population as of 1997 forward was at 55,136 and counting but the equivalence of numbers to each(prenominal) other is very different. Many argue that this is due largely to our freedom and laws that govern our land and the allowance for the right to bear arms in the United States.Italy is a country of great ref orm and is always ever-changing their laws this might also have an effect of how many inmates also concur it in to prison. While American prisons are overrun much more so Italys are this forces us to privatize our correctional institutions to come through space and maybe some money but mainly space. Since Italys inmate population is relatively low compared to ours but they do stage overcrowding due to the limit of prisons they have built they do not tend to privatize the inmates out.Italys security levels are also similar to ours in they will segregate inmates that are more violent and volatile than others. The premier(prenominal) level which is their high security is designed to hold inmates that have been convicted of a crime involving the Mafia, kidnapping, extortion or drug trafficking. First level prisoners will be assigned to prisons out of their areas that they live they are also not allowed out of their living areas which means anything that they do as far as programmin g, school, talking, manner of walking etc.The second level which is their medium security and makes up most of their inmate population have all the schooling and programming that is available. The tertiary level or minimum security is the lowest level and are allowed to have little supervision and placed in the to the lowest degree limiting areas there are. American prisons are generally the same as we have the same levels our inmates are categorized with other levels within these levels that will doctor what type of perks they are allowed while locked up.Prison life in both countries probably only differs little due to the prison that you are locked up in to the people that make the laws. For everything else how you have to watch your back and the groups that inmates will place themselves with for protection this does not change just from country to country you will see remains the same. Italy has three types of disembarrass that is comparable to Americas parole they are cond itional release, amnesty and pardon. Conditional release is the most widely used in the country and is more same(p) American parole then the other two.Inmates can be granted this if they have served at least 30 months or at least half of their sentence. They essential(prenominal) have been good inmates while they were incarcerated and also they must believe that the inmate will be successful if released. They still must report to someone and get a job and have a place to live which is the same for American inmates on parole. Amnesty can be granted originally or after the sentence and it fundamentally commutes the sentence this was very unpopular and not used very much and since 1992 no amnesties have been granted.Pardons are the same in Italy as they are in America and can be granted by a governor or president. Article 111 of the Italian Constitution which was amended in 1999 will allow the defendant the right to question the accused and all parties to be cross examined. As whe re before a person could be convicted based on statements made during the preliminary phase of a trial. This allows inmates before sentenced or found guilty of a crime the right to hardihood their accuser and question them as to why they are accusing them of committing a crime.The comparison of the two correctional systems you can see a lot of similarities and then there are vague differences. In my opinion I would take the American correctional system over the Italian one. This is due to the rendering I have done and the way the Italian courts and correctional system are set up.